\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6c88\u8881\u6d77\u9d12<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u845b\u7406\u7ff0\u7267\u5e2b\u7684\u5e2b\u6bcd\u8def\u5f97\uff08<\/span>Ruth Gramham<\/span>\uff09\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5de5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u898b\u4e3b\u9762\u624d\u7b97\u5b8c\u5de5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u96e3\u514d\u6703\u5e36\u7d66\u5468\u570d\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u656c\u8acb\u5305\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5149\u666f\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u537b\u5e38\u5e38\u5b78\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7e3d\u60f3\u53bb\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u795e\u5c31\u662f\u55ae\u55ae\u5730\u611b\u6211\u5011\u3002\u6211\u5e38\u60f3\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u624b\u4e2d\u505a\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4e26\u4e0d\u8499\u4e0a\u5e1d\u559c\u6085\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u505a\uff0c\u6c88\u6b63\u7267\u5e2b\u5e38\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u505a\u5f97\u591a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u80fd\u5728\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u670d\u4e8b\u771f\u8499\u798f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u4f86\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u611f\u6069\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d00\u5ff5\u6559\u6703\u4e03\u5341\u9031\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u9858\u5206\u4eab\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u6559\u6703\u7684\u670d\u4e8b\u3002<\/span>1979<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u96a8\u8457\u6c88\u6b63\u7267\u5e2b\u4f86\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u7267\u6703\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6211\u5011\u4e09\u5341\u6b72\u51fa\u982d\uff0c\u5973\u5152\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u6703\u53cb\u7d04\u4e00\u5169\u767e\u4eba\uff0c\u534a\u6578\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u9577\u8f29\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u539f\u5148\u5728\u6821\u5712\u5718\u5951\u59d4\u8eab\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6c88\u6b63\u7267\u5e2b\u79b1\u544a\u5f8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56de\u61c9\u795e\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u8f49\u63db\u670d\u4e8b\u8dd1\u9053\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6211\u8ddf\u6c88\u7267\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4f60\u79b1\u544a\u4e26\u6e05\u695a\u795e\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u662f\u8981\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u7267\u6703\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8ddf\u4f60\u4f86\u3002\u300d\u5728\u8f49\u63db\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f88\u611f\u8b1d\u97d3\u5049\u9577\u8001\u592b\u5a66\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u8207\u7126\u6e90\u5ec9\u7267\u5e2b\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u9f13\u52f5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u65e5\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7267\u6703\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8f14\u5c0e\u8207\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u9032\u5165\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7267\u990a\u670d\u4e8b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u6821\u5712\u5718\u5951\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6230\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u4e8b\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u6559\u6703\u670d\u4e8b\u8d77\u982d\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u505a\u6c88\u7267\u5e2b\u8981\u6211\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d\u6c88\u7267\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u300c\u505a\u6c92\u4eba\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1a\u5341\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\uff0c\u7d50\u5be6\u7d2f\u7d2f\u7684\u795d\u798f<\/span><\/h3>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\u4fe1\u53cb\u5802\u521d\u5efa\u7acb\u4f09\u5137\u5718\u5951\uff0c\u7531\u97d3\u5049\u9577\u8001\u592b\u5a66\u5e36\u9818\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u982d\u770b\u771f\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u8207\u5145\u6eff\u8056\u9748\u7684\u5e36\u9818\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8a2d\u7acb\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5a5a\u59fb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u4eba\u3001\u70ba\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u76ca\u8655\u8207\u751f\u990a\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\uff0c\u4e26\u5f70\u986f\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u611b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5e38\u5728\u805a\u6703\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u547c\u53ec\u4f09\u5137\u5718\u5951\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u59ca\u59b9\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u5316\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5bb6\u5ead\u56de\u61c9\u9858\u610f\u6301\u5b88\u57fa\u7763\u5316\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002\u97d3\u9577\u8001\u592b\u5a66\u540c\u6642\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b78\u958b\u73ed\u6559\u5c0e\u57fa\u7763\u5316\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u53bb\u4e0a\u8ab2\u4e26\u6536\u7a6b\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1980<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u97d3\u5433\u671f\u654f\u5e2b\u6bcd\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u5802\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u79b1\u544a\u7279\u6703\uff0c\u56de\u4f86\u5f8c\u50b3\u905e\u6559\u6703\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u79b1\u544a\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u540c\u4e26\u540c\u611f\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u4f09\u5137\u5718\u5951\u6210\u7acb\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6709\u5341\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u59d4\u8eab\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4e94\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u70ba\u4e00\u7d44\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5169\u689d\u96fb\u8a71\u806f\u7d61\u7684\u79b1\u544a\u7dda\uff0c\u9019\u5341\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u5225\u5728\u6069\u5178\u5718\u5951\u8207\u8fe6\u52d2\u5718\u5951\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u6642\u6211\u5011\u4f4f\u5728\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u5730\u9ede\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8eca\u5eab\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u6a13\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u5c64\u6a13\uff0c\u4e00\u6a13\u662f\u79b1\u544a\u6703\u805a\u6703\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u4e8c\u6a13\u662f\u82f1\u8a9e\u90e8\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e09\u6a13\u662f\u7267\u5e2b\u9928\uff0c\u56db\u6a13\u6709\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u662f\u770b\u5802\u7684\u9ec3\u8ca1\u6e90\u4f2f\u4f2f\u592b\u5a66\u5168\u5bb6\u4f4f\u3002\u767d\u5929\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5728\u820a\u5802\u4e00\u6a13\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u5c31\u95dc\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u4f4f\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\u9928\u767c\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u9031\u6709\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u5929\u6578\u548c\u6642\u6bb5\uff08\u665a\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u5341\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6703\u5982\u7d04\u5b88\u5728\u96fb\u8a71\u6a5f\u65c1\u63a5\u96fb\u8a71\uff08\u90a3\u6642\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u624b\u6a5f\uff09\u3002\u6211\u662f\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u7e3d\u53ec\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u4ee3\u79b1\u5167\u5bb9\u7531\u6c88\u7267\u5e2b\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5546\u5b9a\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7d93\u6587\u8207\u4e09\u9805\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u611f\u8b1d\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u70ba\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u7948\u6c42\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u70ba\u80a2\u9ad4\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u79b1\u3002\u9019\u7b26\u5408\u8056\u7d93\u88e1\u95dc\u65bc\u611f\u6069\u3001\u7948\u6c42\u548c\u4ee3\u79b1\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5341\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6bcf\u9031\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u5805\u5b88\u670d\u4e8b\u5d17\u4f4d\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u4e26\u5fe0\u8aa0\u70ba\u6559\u6703\u79b1\u544a\u3002\u4ee3\u79b1\u7db2\u7684\u670d\u4e8b\u6709\u516c\u7d04\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u8a71\u806f\u7d61\u53ea\u50b3\u905e\u4ee3\u79b1\u4e8b\u9805\u3001\u4e0d\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5beb\u3002\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u5169\u689d\u7dda\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u8981\u50b3\u56de\u7d66\u6211\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u5167\u5bb9\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u5bb6\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a69\u5065\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u56de\u5831\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u56de\u982d\u770b\uff0c\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u8e0f\u5be6\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4f09\u5137\u5718\u5951\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u5168\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u66f4\u7dca\u5bc6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6703\u5728\u50b3\u905e\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u898f\u5b9a\u5bb6\u88e1\u96fb\u8a71\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f54\u7dda\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u50b3\u905e\u4ee3\u79b1\u7db2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7238\u5abd\u6703\u5728\u5bb6\u88e1\u5fe0\u5fc3\u7684\u5750\u8457\u7b49\u96fb\u8a71\uff0c\u82e5\u525b\u597d\u6709\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u4e8b\u5148\u8acb\u5047\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u8a62\u554f\u4ee3\u79b1\u4e8b\u9805\u3002\u7576\u79b1\u544a\u4e8b\u9805\u8499\u5782\u807d\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6703\u56de\u5831\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u611f\u6069\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u6536\u5230\u96fb\u8a71\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u5e36\u9818\u5168\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u79b1\u544a\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u53e5\u8afa\u8a9e\u8aaa\u300c\u6709\u79b1\u544a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bb6\u88e1\u6709\u5c4b\u9802\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u906e\u84cb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6703\u5206\u6563\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c07\u79b1\u544a\u7db2\u7684\u670d\u4e8b\u5ef6\u4f38\u70ba\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u4eab\u79b1\u544a\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u5bb6\u5ead\u796d\u58c7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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